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    This study introduces adaptive dynamic programming for power system fault recovery, enhancing stability in wind farms and HVDC systems. The goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP) method improves control adaptability and system resilience.

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    Area of Science:

    • Power Systems Engineering
    • Control Theory
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Power systems face challenges in maintaining stability during faults, especially with renewable energy integration.
    • Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems require robust control for reliable operation.
    • Existing control methods may struggle with the dynamic nature of faults and adaptive control needs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an adaptive modulation approach for power system control using approximate/adaptive dynamic programming.
    • To address the fault recovery problem in DFIG-based wind farms and STATCOM-HVDC systems.
    • To enhance transient stability and robustness of power grids under fault conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of the goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP) method for adaptive control.
    • Online GrHDP-based controller providing supplementary control signals to DFIG, STATCOM, and HVDC rectifier controllers.
    • Observation of system states and derivatives to adapt control actions based on a utility function.

    Main Results:

    • The GrHDP controller adaptively develops internal goal representation signals for improved learning and modulation.
    • Validation on a benchmark system shows the GrHDP approach improves transient stability compared to classical methods.
    • Experiments demonstrate effectiveness and robustness even with signal transmission delays.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed GrHDP adaptive control approach offers superior performance in fault recovery for DFIG-STATCOM-HVDC systems.
    • The method enhances power system transient stability and demonstrates robustness under various operating conditions.
    • GrHDP provides a promising adaptive control strategy for modern, complex power grids.