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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
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Epigastric Hernia.

Carlos Enrique Suarez Acosta1, Esperanza Romero Fernandez1, Elpidio Calvo Manuel1

  • 1University Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Complutense University from Madrid, C/Profesor Martin Lagos s/n, PC 28040 Madrid, Spain.

The Indian Journal of Surgery
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigastric hernias, though common, can present unusually. This case highlights how detailed history, clinical exam, and ultrasound confirmed diagnosis in a patient with abdominal pain and constipation.

Keywords:
Carlos EnriqueEpigastricHerniaSuárez AcostaUltrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Epigastric hernias are common but can present with atypical symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • The exact etiology remains debated, with diaphragmatic tension being a leading theory for epigastric hernia formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the diagnostic process for an epigastric hernia presenting with unusual symptoms.
  • To emphasize the utility of noninvasive imaging in confirming epigastric hernia diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A detailed patient history and thorough clinical examination were performed.
  • Ultrasonography was utilized as a noninvasive diagnostic tool.

Main Results:

  • The diagnostic approach successfully identified an epigastric hernia in a patient presenting with abdominal pain and constipation.
  • Ultrasonographic studies reliably confirmed the presence of the epigastric hernia.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive clinical evaluation is essential for diagnosing epigastric hernias, especially with atypical presentations.
  • Ultrasonography is a valuable and reliable noninvasive method for confirming epigastric hernia diagnoses.