Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 28, 2026
Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
The Age-Related Development of Maxillary Sinus in Children
Muhammet Değermenci1, Tolga Ertekin, Harun Ülger
1*Department of Anatomy †Department of Radiology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey.
Introduction:
Paranasal sinuses are complex structures and show individual variation. Providing normative values for paranasal sinus size and their changes related to age could be helpful in evaluating the presence of some diseases related to sinonasal region. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the development of maxillary sinuses and evaluate the volume changes according to age and sex by using stereological and ellipsoidal formula methods after that to compare these approaches with each other in children.
Materials And Methods:
This retrospective volumetric computed tomography (CT) study was carried out on 361 individuals (180 females, 181 males) between 0 and 18 years old (10 females, 10 males in each group, only 14 age group includes 11 males) with no signs of sinus pathology volumetric estimations determined on CT images using point-counting approach of stereological methods and ellipsoid formula by using morphometric data.
Results:
Maxillary sinus volume measurements that were obtained using 2 methods were increased with age in both sexes until 16 years old. There was a significant correlation determined between 2 methods (ICC 0.894-1.000 for right and 0.862-0.999 for left maxillary sinus measurements). According to the sex, the right and left mean maxillary sinuses volumes were determined at 8.30 ± 5.19 and 8.57 ± 5.53 cm(3) in male and at 7.60 ± 4.57 and 7.99 ± 4.73 cm(3) in female by using ellipsoid formula respectively. By the stereological method these values were 8.28 ± 5.26, 8.44 ± 5.35 cm(3) and 7.64 ± 4.55, 7.85 ± 4.73 cm(3) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the volume of maxillary sinuses with sex and side using both methods.
Conclusions:
This study presents the basic data for studies relative to the development of the maxillary sinus in children according to 2 methods. The current study demonstrated that the point-counting method and ellipsoid formula are both effective in determining volume estimation of maxillary sinuses and are well suited for CT studies.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:15Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
01:29Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
01:28Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
01:24Nose and Nasal Cavity
01:22Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...