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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Low energy consumption spintronics using multiferroic heterostructures.

Morgan Trassin1

  • 1Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|December 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial multiferroic heterostructures combine magnetic and ferroelectric orders for advanced spintronics. Understanding magnetoelectric coupling at the domain scale is key for developing novel devices like electric-field-controlled memories.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-phase multiferroic materials with strong, coupled magnetic and ferroelectric orders are rare.
  • Artificial multiferroic heterostructures are developed by combining distinct ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in multiferroic magnetoelectric heterostructures.
  • To highlight the potential of interface-coupled orders for tunable magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of progress in thin film synthesis and epitaxial strain control.
  • Focus on understanding magnetoelectric coupling at the ferroic domain scale.

Main Results:

  • Magnetoelectric coupling at interfaces enables electrically tunable magnetic transition temperature, anisotropy, and magnetization reversal.
  • Progress in thin film synthesis allows control over ferroic domain ordering.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over ferroic domains and electric-field manipulation offer pathways for spintronic devices.
  • Challenges remain in the local observation and full exploitation of magnetoelectric coupling.