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Oncogenes: past, present and future.

S P Klinken1

  • 1Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Retroviruses can cause tumors by activating oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes, the normal versions in mammals, can lead to cancer when their regulation is disrupted, particularly in specific leukemias and lymphomas.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncogenomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Retroviruses possess specific genes, known as oncogenes, capable of inducing tumor formation.
  • Viral oncogenes have homologous counterparts in the mammalian genome, termed proto-oncogenes or cellular oncogenes.
  • The dysregulation of cellular oncogenes provides a molecular basis for tumor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the molecular mechanisms of tumor formation.
  • To investigate the role of proto-oncogenes in human malignancies.
  • To understand how proto-oncogenes regulate cellular proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of viral and mammalian genes.
  • Identification of proto-oncogene counterparts to viral oncogenes.
  • Analysis of chromosomal translocations in human cancers (Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia).

Main Results:

  • Discovery of proto-oncogenes as normal cellular genes with counterparts in oncogenic retroviruses.
  • Demonstration that chromosomal translocations in Burkitt's lymphomas and chronic myelogenous leukemia involve the myc and abl proto-oncogenes, respectively.
  • Identification of proto-oncogenes as key regulators of cellular proliferation across the signal transduction pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant regulation of proto-oncogenes is a critical factor in the development of human malignancies.
  • Proto-oncogenes are integral components of cellular signaling pathways, including growth factors, receptors, and transcription regulators.
  • Understanding proto-oncogene function is crucial for elucidating cancer development and progression.

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