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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.3K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

21.4K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
21.4K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

20.6K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
20.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.5K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.5K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

15.2K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
15.2K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

89
A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting
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Complex banded structures in directional solidification processes.

A L Korzhenevskii1, R E Rozas, J Horbach

  • 1Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, RAS, Bol'shoi prospect V.O., 61, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|December 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid directional solidification (RDS) creates complex impurity patterns. Oscillatory pulling velocities lead to frequency locking and chaotic behavior in banded structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solidification Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Rapid directional solidification (RDS) is crucial for materials processing.
  • Understanding impurity segregation is key to controlling material properties.
  • Oscillatory components in pulling velocity can significantly alter solidification dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of impurity superstructures during RDS.
  • To analyze the influence of temperature gradients and oscillatory pulling velocities.
  • To explore the resulting morphological patterns and their stability.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using a capillary wave approach.
  • Numerical simulations to analyze solidification dynamics.
  • Analysis of frequency locking and transition to chaos.

Main Results:

  • The study reveals a rich morphology of banded impurity structures.
  • Frequency locking phenomena were observed under specific conditions.
  • A transition to chaotic behavior in the system was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of theory and simulation elucidates complex impurity patterns in RDS.
  • Oscillatory pulling velocities are a critical factor in generating diverse solidification morphologies.
  • The findings provide insights into controlling material microstructure and properties.