Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

2.0K
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
2.0K
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

10.5K
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
10.5K
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

5.1K
5.1K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

9.2K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
9.2K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

3.3K
3.3K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

9.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid and Cost-Effective Digital Quantification of RNA Editing and Maturation in Organelle Transcripts by Oxford Nanopore Target-Indexed-PCR (TIP) Sequencing.

Plant direct·2025
Same author

Biotinylation Interferes with Protein Ubiquitylation and Turnover in Arabidopsis-A Cautionary Insight for Proximity Labeling in Ubiquitylation Proteome Studies.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Comprehensive genetic analyses of Arabidopsis autophagy-related 8 family reveal redundant regulatory roles during autophagy.

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Streamline Protocol for <i>Arabidopsis</i> Apoplastic Fluid Isolation Enables a Detailed Proteomic View of the Plant Extracellular Space.

Plant direct·2025
Same author

Proteasomes accumulate in the plant apoplast where they participate in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered pathogen defense.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Global impacts of peroxisome and pexophagy dysfunction revealed through multi-omics analyses of lon2 and atg2 mutants.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

11.6K

Ubiquitin Goes Green.

Zhihua Hua1, Richard D Vierstra2

  • 1Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|December 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nucleus and chloroplasts coordinate gene expression for organelle function. Ubiquitin, a protein modifier, further regulates chloroplast homeostasis and removes damaged organelles.

Keywords:
ChloroplastDegradationUbiquitin

More Related Videos

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination
07:58

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination

Published on: January 2, 2026

604
In Vitro Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Function
06:06

In Vitro Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Function

Published on: May 14, 2021

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

11.6K
In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination
07:58

In-vitro Reconstitution of Bacterial Ubiquitination and VCP/p97-mediated Elimination

Published on: January 2, 2026

604
In Vitro Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Function
06:06

In Vitro Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Function

Published on: May 14, 2021

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Organelles

Background:

  • Chloroplasts rely heavily on nuclear-encoded proteins for their proteome.
  • Transcriptional coordination between nuclear and chloroplast genomes is crucial for organelle function.
  • Plastid homeostasis is essential for plant development and physiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory role of ubiquitin in chloroplast homeostasis.
  • To understand how ubiquitin contributes to the elimination of damaged chloroplasts.
  • To highlight the interplay between nuclear-plastid coordination and post-translational modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on chloroplast biology and ubiquitin.
  • Analysis of transcriptional coordination mechanisms between nuclear and organelle genomes.
  • Investigation of ubiquitin's role in protein degradation pathways within chloroplasts.

Main Results:

  • Strong transcriptional coordination exists between the nucleus and chloroplasts.
  • Ubiquitin acts as a post-translational modifier influencing plastid homeostasis.
  • Ubiquitin signaling facilitates the removal of damaged chloroplasts, a process known as chlorophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Ubiquitinylation is a key regulatory mechanism for maintaining chloroplast health.
  • The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in chloroplast quality control.
  • Understanding these pathways is vital for plant physiology and stress response.