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Bone structure of adolescent swimmers; a peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) study
A Gómez-Bruton1, A González-Agüero1, A Gómez-Cabello2
1GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|December 27, 2015
Summary
Adolescent swimmers show similar bone density, structure, and strength compared to less active controls. This suggests swimming alone may not significantly enhance bone development beyond general activity levels.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Pediatric Bone Health
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Adolescent athletes often exhibit enhanced bone development due to physical activity.
- Swimming is a unique sport with low impact, raising questions about its effect on bone accrual.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare bone characteristics (vBMD, structure, strength) in adolescent swimmers versus controls using pQCT.
- To investigate if other sports participation alongside swimming influences bone parameters.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 79 adolescent swimmers and 49 controls (aged 11-18).
- Peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) assessed bone density, structure, and strength at the radius and tibia.
- Statistical analyses (ANCOVA) compared groups, adjusting for age, Tanner stage, and bone length.
Main Results:
- No significant differences were observed in bone strength indexes, structure, or volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) between swimmers and controls.
- Subgroup analysis of swimmers with and without other sport participation also revealed no significant bone parameter differences.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent swimmers exhibit comparable bone strength and structure to normo-active controls.
- Swimming participation alone does not appear to confer superior bone development compared to lower physical activity levels in this age group.
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