Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis
04:34

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Published on: June 15, 2011

19.1K

Clinical variables and Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors associated with venous thromboembolism in children

Shannon L Carpenter1, Jennifer Goldman2, Ashley K Sherman3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States.

Thrombosis Research
|December 29, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Children with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia face a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Elevated C-reactive protein and low hemoglobin levels are key indicators of VTE risk in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Children with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia are at increased risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE).
  • Identifying clinical and bacterial factors associated with VTE is crucial for risk stratification and management.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the specific predictors of VTE in pediatric SA bacteremia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical variables and bacterial virulence factors associated with VTE in children diagnosed with SA bacteremia.
  • To determine independent predictors of VTE in this pediatric population.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding VTE risk assessment in SA bacteremia.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, single-institution study involving 229 children hospitalized with SA bacteremia between 2005 and 2008.
  • Clinical data were collected from patient charts, and SA isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction analysis.
  • Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VTE, with data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database used to identify central venous line (CVL) or complex chronic conditions (CCC).

Main Results:

  • VTE was identified in 9.2% of patients (n=21/229), with superficial thrombi excluded.
  • Mortality was significantly higher in patients with VTE (24% vs. 6%, p=0.016).
  • Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) infection (p=0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥20mg/dl (OR 4.2), and hemoglobin nadir ≤9g/dl (OR 5.2) were independent predictors of VTE. Central venous lines or complex chronic conditions were not associated with VTE.

Conclusions:

  • In pediatric patients with SA bacteremia, MRSA infection, elevated CRP levels (≥20mg/dl), and a low hemoglobin nadir (≤9g/dl) are significantly associated with VTE.
  • These identified factors can serve as important clinical markers for predicting VTE risk in invasive SA disease.
  • Further research may focus on targeted VTE prophylaxis or early detection strategies in high-risk pediatric patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnemiaBacteremiaCRPThrombosisVTEVirulence factors

More Related Videos

In Vitro and In Vivo Model to Study Bacterial Adhesion to the Vessel Wall Under Flow Conditions10:24

In Vitro and In Vivo Model to Study Bacterial Adhesion to the Vessel Wall Under Flow Conditions

Published on: June 11, 2015

11.4K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Associated Thrombosis Research in Rodent Models04:40

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Associated Thrombosis Research in Rodent Models

Published on: January 5, 2024

3.4K

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
677
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
434
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
46
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
463
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
17