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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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Nephrons01:10

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
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Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

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Structural and Functional Changes With the Aging Kidney.

Aleksandar Denic1, Richard J Glassock1, Andrew D Rule1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
|December 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal aging causes expected kidney function decline, distinct from disease. Elderly individuals may be misdiagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to age-related changes.

Keywords:
AgingGlomerular filtration rateGlomerulosclerosisKidney functionNephrosclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Normal aging (senescence) involves predictable kidney structure and function changes.
  • Age-related kidney changes include decreased glomeruli, nephrosclerosis, and altered volumes.
  • These changes differ from pathological kidney diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate normal age-related kidney changes from chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To highlight the clinical significance of age-related kidney alterations.
  • To address potential misdiagnosis of kidney conditions in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microanatomical and macroanatomical kidney changes with age.
  • Review of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in healthy kidney donors.
  • Examination of GFR thresholds associated with mortality risk across age groups.

Main Results:

  • Kidney aging involves reduced functional glomeruli and increased nephrosclerosis.
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines approximately 6.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per decade in healthy individuals.
  • Optimal GFR for lower mortality risk shifts lower with increasing age.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related kidney changes are significant and can impact health outcomes.
  • The elderly may be misdiagnosed with CKD due to normal aging.
  • Older adults have reduced kidney reserve and higher risk for acute kidney injury.