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Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD.

Sumiyoshi Arai1, Yuko Okamoto2, Toru Fujioka3

  • 1Developmental Emotional Intelligence, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Japan.

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|December 29, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with ADHD show developmental differences in brain activity during spatial working memory tasks. This suggests atypical maturation of the frontal pole, crucial for self-generated behaviors.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB®)DevelopmentNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)Prefrontal cortex (PFC)Self-generated spatial working memory (SWM)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a known feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Previous research indicates that self-generated SWM performance improves with age in children, both with and without ADHD.
  • However, the developmental trajectory of the neural mechanisms underlying self-generated SWM remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated spatial working memory (SWM) in children with and without ADHD.
  • To examine the relationship between age, behavioral performance, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic activity during a self-generated SWM task.

Main Methods:

  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to measure hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  • The study included 30 children diagnosed with ADHD and 35 typically developing (TD) children, aged 9-10 years.
  • Participants completed a self-generated SWM task, and correlations between age and performance/hemodynamic activity were analyzed for each group.

Main Results:

  • Both ADHD and TD groups demonstrated improved SWM performance with age, indicated by a negative correlation between age and errors.
  • Typically developing children showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole and bilateral lateral PFC.
  • No significant age-related correlation in PFC hemodynamic activity was observed in the ADHD group, with significant differences in regression slopes for the frontal pole between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit abnormal functional maturation of the frontal pole during self-generated SWM tasks.
  • These findings highlight potential neurodevelopmental differences in the PFC in ADHD, impacting the manipulation and maintenance of self-generated information.