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Measurement: Derived Units

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...

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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

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Measuring Networks beyond the Origin Family.

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

|December 29, 2015

Summary

Social mobility research often overlooks extended family

Area of Science:

Sociology
Economics
Demography

Background:

Traditional social mobility studies focus on nuclear families.
Intergenerational socioeconomic success may be influenced by broader kin networks.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for incorporating wider kin networks into social mobility research.
To encourage the development of data collection strategies for extended family structures.

Main Methods:

Proposes integrating administrative record linkage and survey research.
Highlights the complementary strengths of these methods for mapping kin networks.

Main Results:

Current research on intergenerational social mobility is limited by its narrow focus.

Keywords:

demography family kin networks social mobility

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Wider kin networks represent an underutilized resource for understanding socioeconomic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Future social mobility studies should expand their scope beyond the nuclear family.
Utilizing administrative records and surveys can provide richer data on kin influences.