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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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High-density lipoprotein function in rheumatoid arthritis.

Michelle J Ormseth1, C Michael Stein

  • 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|December 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show altered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, impacting cardiovascular risk. Further research is needed to clarify HDL

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Rheumatology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit accelerated atherosclerosis.
  • Lipoprotein function, not just concentration, may better predict cardiovascular risk in RA.
  • Understanding high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function is crucial for assessing atherosclerosis risk in RA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on HDL function in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • To summarize findings on HDL's antioxidant and cholesterol efflux capacities in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on HDL function and RA.
  • Analysis of studies examining HDL's antioxidant and cholesterol efflux properties in RA patients compared to controls.

Main Results:

  • HDL's antioxidant capacity shows an inverse association with inflammation and RA disease activity.
  • Consensus is lacking on whether HDL antioxidant capacity is significantly altered in RA.
  • There is no clear consensus on whether HDL cholesterol efflux capacity is altered in RA or influenced by disease activity.

Conclusions:

  • Further studies are required to consolidate data and establish consensus on HDL function in RA.
  • Research evaluating the impact of diverse HDL functions on cardiovascular disease in RA is essential.