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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Amino acids in sheep production.

Susan A McCoard1, Francisco A Sales2, Quentin L Sciascia3

  • 1Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, Animal Nutrition & Health Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand, sue.mccoard@agresearch.co.nz.

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|December 29, 2015
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Supplementing amino acids can improve lamb survival and growth. This review explores how amino acids impact sheep production, offering insights for better farm efficiency and animal welfare.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Agricultural Production

Background:

  • Sheep farming aims for efficiency, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability.
  • While genetics and nutrition have improved productivity, multiple-born lamb survival and growth remain challenges.
  • Amino acids are increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating growth, reproduction, and immunity in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the role of amino acids in sheep production.
  • To explore the potential of amino acid supplementation strategies for enhancing lamb survival and growth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on amino acids and sheep.
  • Analysis of metabolic and cell signaling pathways influenced by amino acids.
  • Evaluation of existing data on amino acid supplementation trials in sheep.

Main Results:

  • Amino acids play a critical role in regulating key physiological processes in sheep.
  • Specific amino acid profiles can significantly impact lamb growth rates and overall survival.
  • Evidence suggests targeted supplementation can overcome nutritional limitations affecting lamb performance.

Conclusions:

  • Amino acid supplementation presents a viable strategy to improve lamb survival and growth performance.
  • Further research into specific amino acid requirements can optimize sheep production systems.
  • Understanding amino acid metabolism is key to enhancing both farm efficiency and animal well-being.