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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Cognitive endophenotypes inform genome-wide expression profiling in schizophrenia.

Amanda B Zheutlin1, Rachael W Viehman2, Rebecca Fortgang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University.

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Genetic variations linked to schizophrenia influence cognitive dysfunction by affecting memory-related gene expression. Many implicated genes are heritable and involved in RNA processing and signaling pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory deficits.
  • Inherited genetic variations are implicated in schizophrenia risk and cognitive impairment.
  • The biological mechanisms linking genetic factors to cognitive dysfunction remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between inherited genetic variations and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
  • To identify specific genes and biological pathways involved in mediating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome gene expression profiling was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from twins discordant for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and control twins.
  • Expression levels of 18,559 genes were analyzed for association with California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance.
  • Memory-related genes were evaluated for differential expression in schizophrenia patients in discovery and replication samples.

Main Results:

  • CVLT performance was significantly associated with expression levels of 76 genes after Bonferroni correction.
  • 43 of these genes were differentially expressed in schizophrenia patients, with consistent findings in a replication sample.
  • Expression levels of 41 of the 43 differentially expressed genes were heritable, and most genes identified have known associations with schizophrenia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Genes conferring schizophrenia risk may exert their effects partly through signaling cascades that impact memory.
  • The identified genes are enriched for roles in RNA processing, DNA replication, G-protein coupled signal transduction, cytokine signaling, and oligodendrocyte function.