Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

39
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
39
Infection01:20

Infection

14.2K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
14.2K
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

86
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
86
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

29
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
29
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

18
Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
18
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shotgun metagenomics reveals distinct skin microbial species in allergen-sensitized individuals.

Microbial genomics·2025
Same author

Industrialization drives convergent microbial and physiological shifts in the human metaorganism.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Carbon dioxide and methane gas exchange following sphagnum moss harvesting in boreal peatland.

Journal of environmental management·2024
Same author

Host Resistance and Behavior Determine Invasion Dynamics of a Detrimental Aquatic Disease.

Ecology and evolution·2024
Same author

Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> exchange in wetlands: A review of mechanisms and measurement methods with implications for modelling.

The Science of the total environment·2023
Same author

Chronic kidney disease stage is associated with the number of risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients (STages Of NEphropathy in type 2 diabetes and Heart Failure - STONE HF).

Primary care diabetes·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.3K

Environmental Variation Generates Environmental Opportunist Pathogen Outbreaks.

Jani Anttila1, Veijo Kaitala1, Jouni Laakso1

  • 1Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biosciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Plos One
|December 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental pathogens, often overlooked, can cause outbreaks. Disease dynamics are driven by environmental variability, with stochastic factors posing a greater risk than periodic ones, impacting disease control strategies.

More Related Videos

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.4K
Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
06:43

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Published on: January 13, 2016

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.3K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.4K
Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
06:43

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Published on: January 13, 2016

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Many significant pathogens survive and multiply outside hosts, opportunistically causing disease.
  • Environmental reservoirs are crucial for novel disease emergence, necessitating distinct control strategies from traditional epidemiology.
  • Environmental fluctuations are key drivers of disease dynamics and pathogen evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental variability on the epidemiological dynamics of opportunistic pathogens.
  • To compare the effects of periodic versus stochastic environmental variations on disease outbreaks.
  • To explore how variations in host susceptibility and pathogen environmental growth influence disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • A modeling approach integrating traditional SIRS (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible) models with environmental opportunist pathogens and variability.
  • Analysis of epidemiological dynamics under different environmental fluctuation scenarios (periodic vs. stochastic).
  • Examination of how variations in host susceptibility and pathogen growth rates affect disease outbreak severity.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological dynamics are significantly influenced by the quality of environmental variability, including predictability and fluctuation magnitude.
  • Stochastic environmental variation is more likely to trigger outbreaks than periodic variation for a given variance.
  • Variation in host susceptibility drives more severe outbreaks than variation in pathogen environmental growth rate.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental variability is a critical factor in understanding and controlling diseases caused by environmental pathogens.
  • Disease control strategies must account for the nature of environmental fluctuations and their impact on host-pathogen systems.
  • Increased duration of host immunity can substantially mitigate the severity of pathogen outbreaks.