HIV Presenting as Cerebellar Ataxia

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection affects multiple organ systems.
• Opportunistic infections are common in advanced HIV disease.
• Neurological manifestations of HIV are diverse and can be challenging to diagnose.

Observation:

• A 40-year-old patient presented with symmetric, progressive cerebellar ataxia.
• Cerebellar ataxia is an uncommon presenting symptom for HIV.
• The patient was subsequently diagnosed with HIV.

Findings:

• This case highlights an extremely rare presentation of HIV.
• Symmetric, progressive cerebellar ataxia can be an initial sign of HIV infection.
• Diagnostic delay can occur if rare neurological symptoms are not considered.

Implications:

• Increased awareness of rare HIV presentations is crucial for clinicians.
• A high index of suspicion can lead to earlier HIV diagnosis.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment of HIV improve patient outcomes and prevent opportunistic infections.