The age-dependent reaction of the periodontal tissues to dental plaque

An increase in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease as a function of aging has been reported in the literature. Here the literature considered relevant to the etiology of this phenomenon is summarized. The age-dependent reactivity of the periodontal tissues may be the result of several local and systemic factors, such as the characteristics of the inflammatory cell infiltrate, gingival morphology, periodontal tissues, dental plaque, gingival fluid exudate, health status of the individual, hormonal changes and immunologic reactions. In most cases, the presence of several factors is necessary to elicit changes in the periodontal tissues reactivity. Understanding these processes is crucial for better prevention and/or treatment of periodontal diseases; if neglected in children and adolescents, they may predispose the individual to advanced periodontal disease later in life.