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Focal Coxsackie virus B5 encephalitis with synchronous seizure cluster and eruption: Infantile case

Tadashi Shiohama1,2, Taku Omata1, Kaori Muta1

  • 1Division of Child Neurology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|December 30, 2015
PubMed

Insights

A rare Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB5) focal encephalitis case in a 9-month-old boy presented with seizures during a roseola-like illness. The child experienced rapid improvement, suggesting local vascular impairment as a potential cause.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Enterovirus focal encephalitis is a rare neurological condition.
  • It typically presents with focal neurological deficits and rapid spontaneous improvement.

Observation:

  • A 9-month-old boy developed focal encephalitis with seizure clusters during a roseola infantum-like illness.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis and confirmed Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB5) infection via genome sequencing and virus isolation.
  • Neuroimaging and electroencephalography showed no abnormalities during the acute phase or at 2-month follow-up.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrated a synchronous presentation of seizure clusters and rash.
  • Rapid clinical improvement and a benign outcome were observed.
  • CVB5 was identified as the causative agent in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a unique presentation of CVB5 focal encephalitis in infants.
  • The synchronicity of symptoms suggests potential local vascular impairment as a pathogenic mechanism.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of enterovirus focal encephalitis.

Keywords:
Coxsackie virus B5focal enterovirus encephalitisroseola infantumseizure cluster

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