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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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DNA sequencing by two-dimensional materials: As theoretical modeling meets experiments.

Lijun Liang1, Jia-Wei Shen2, Zhisen Zhang3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and §Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer revolutionary potential for nanoscale DNA sequencing. This review covers experimental and theoretical methods, highlighting discrepancies and future computational approaches for single-molecule DNA analysis.

Keywords:
DNA sequenceNanoporeTheoretical modelingTwo-dimensional material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science: Focuses on the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials.
  • Nanotechnology: Explores applications at the nanoscale, specifically in DNA sequencing.
  • Biophysics: Investigates the interaction of biological molecules (DNA) with nanomaterials.

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess exceptional properties driving interest in sensor applications.
  • Nanoscale DNA sequencing using 2D materials represents a significant advancement in single-molecule analysis.
  • Graphene, boron nitride, and MoS2 are key examples of 2D materials explored for this purpose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for DNA sequencing utilizing 2D materials.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of 2D material-based DNA sequencing.
  • To emphasize the role of theoretical calculations and their comparison with experimental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques measuring ionic current, force peaks, and transverse electrical currents.
  • Analysis of theoretical calculations underpinning 2D material-based DNA sequencing.
  • Comparison of experimental results with computational predictions.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials enable single-molecule DNA sequencing through various physical measurements.
  • Theoretical calculations have been crucial for understanding and advancing DNA sequencing with 2D materials.
  • Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results are identified and explanations are provided.

Conclusions:

  • 2D materials hold revolutionary potential for DNA sequencing, offering unique sensing capabilities.
  • Addressing discrepancies between theory and experiment is key to further development.
  • Computational studies propose novel sequencing methods for future experimental application.