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Hepatitis E virus and neurological injury
Harry R Dalton1,2, Nassim Kamar3, Jeroen J J van Eijk4
1Royal Cornwall Hospital, University of Exeter, Penventinnie Lane, Truro TR1 3LJ, UK.
Nature Reviews. Neurology
|December 30, 2015
Summary
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, common in developing nations, also occurs in developed countries, primarily through pork. HEV can cause serious neurological conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Neurology
Background:
- Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is hyperendemic in Asia and Africa (genotypes 1 and 2), spread via contaminated water.
- In developed countries, HEV (genotypes 3 and 4) is endemic, primarily a zoonosis from pigs, often asymptomatic.
- HEV infection can lead to significant extrahepatic manifestations, particularly neurological injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review reported cases of HEV-associated neurological injury.
- To discuss potential pathogenic mechanisms of HEV-induced neurological damage.
- To outline future research directions and questions in the field.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reported HEV-associated neurological injury cases.
- Analysis of epidemiological data regarding HEV genotypes and transmission routes.
- Discussion of pathogenic mechanisms and clinical presentations.
Main Results:
- 91 cases of HEV-associated neurological injury have been reported.
- Commonly reported neurological conditions include Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, and encephalitis/myelitis.
- HEV infection is frequently asymptomatic or unrecognized.
Conclusions:
- HEV infection, with its diverse genotypes and transmission routes, poses a global health concern.
- The association between HEV and neurological injuries warrants further investigation into pathogenic mechanisms.
- Future research should focus on understanding and managing HEV-related neurological complications.
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