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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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RNA Binding Proteins in the miRNA Pathway.

Patrick Connerty1, Alireza Ahadi2, Gyorgy Hutvagner3

  • 1Faculty of Science 1, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. patrick.connerty@student.uts.edu.au.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. This review explores miRNA biogenesis and regulation by RNA binding proteins (RBPs), suggesting a widespread interaction.

Keywords:
ArgonauteDicerDroshaRNA binding proteincross-linking and immonoprecipitation (CLIP)miRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes, essential for development and function.
  • The miRNA biogenesis pathway is tightly controlled to ensure proper gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA expression is linked to various cellular malfunctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis.
  • To elucidate the role of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • To investigate the extent of RBP involvement in the canonical miRNA pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biogenesis and regulation.
  • Analysis of existing high-throughput datasets.
  • Focus on the interplay between miRNAs and RBPs.

Main Results:

  • Detailed outline of the canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway.
  • Description of multiple regulatory mechanisms involving RBPs.
  • Identification of potential widespread interactions between miRNA regulation and RBPs.

Conclusions:

  • RNA binding proteins play a significant role in regulating miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • The interaction network between miRNAs and RBPs is extensive and critical for cellular homeostasis.
  • Further research into RBP-miRNA interactions may reveal new therapeutic targets.