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Allostatic Load and Personality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

Yannick Stephan1, Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti

  • 1From the UFRSTAPS, University of Montpellier (Stephan), Montpellier, France; and Departments of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine (Sutin, Luchetti) and Geriatrics (Terracciano), College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.

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High allostatic load, or physiological dysregulation, is linked to personality changes in older adults. This includes declines in extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Allostatic load, defined as physiological dysregulation across multiple systems, significantly impacts health.
  • Understanding the relationship between physiological stress and personality is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between allostatic load and personality traits at baseline.
  • To examine how allostatic load influences personality changes over a 4-year period in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5200 participants (aged 50-99) in the Health and Retirement Study.
  • Assessed physiological markers (cardiovascular, metabolic, immune) and personality traits at baseline and a 4-year follow-up.
  • Employed regression analyses to examine associations, controlling for demographic covariates.

Main Results:

  • Higher allostatic load correlated with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion and conscientiousness at baseline.
  • Increased allostatic load predicted declines in extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness over 4 years.
  • A quadratic relationship indicated openness declines at very high levels of allostatic load.

Conclusions:

  • Allostatic load is significantly associated with personality changes in adulthood and old age.
  • Physiological dysregulation can challenge personality stability, leading to accelerated trait changes.
  • These findings highlight the interplay between physical health and psychological well-being in later life.