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Related Experiment Videos

Decision-making competence and attempted suicide.

Katalin Szanto1, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Andrew M Parker

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 szantok@upmc.edu.

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
|December 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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Individuals attempting suicide show increased susceptibility to decision biases, with framing effects impacting both high- and low-lethality attempters, and sunk cost bias particularly affecting low-lethality attempters.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Individuals vulnerable to suicide often exhibit poor decision-making.
  • Decision biases may obscure alternative solutions and deterrents to suicide during crises.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the susceptibility of suicide attempters to common decision biases.
  • To investigate decision-making differences between high-lethality and low-lethality suicide attempters.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed individuals with high-lethality (n=31) and low-lethality (n=29) suicide attempts.
  • Included comparison groups: suicide ideators (n=30), depressed participants (n=53), and healthy controls (n=28).
  • Evaluated decision biases including sunk cost, framing, under/overconfidence, and risk perception.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Both high- and low-lethality attempters were more susceptible to framing effects than comparison groups.
  • Low-lethality attempters showed greater susceptibility to sunk cost bias compared to other groups.
  • Group differences persisted after controlling for age, cognitive performance, and impulsivity.

Conclusions:

  • Framing susceptibility in suicide attempters may stem from an inability to objectively assess decisions during crises.
  • Sunk cost bias in low-lethality attempters might relate to confusing past and future costs, lowering the threshold for suicidal behavior.