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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles
Published on: June 28, 2021
Identifying Patient Candidates for IL-1 Inhibition: Lessons From Real-World Cases
Annalina Avram1, Cátia Duarte2, Maria José Santos3
1Medical Doctor; Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Medical Centre for Rheumatology Berlin - Buch, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
A subgroup of patients with gouty arthritis have a chronic recurring form that is particularly difficult to treat. Such patients experience repeated flares and often have abundant tophi. Many also have underlying comorbidities, such as renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and hypertension, which contraindicate the use of standard anti-inflammatory medications. Five patients with difficult to treat gouty arthritis who were either candidates and/or treated with anti-IL therapy are described.
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