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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells
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Long non-coding RNAs: emerging players in osteosarcoma.

Zheng Li1, Xin Yu2, Jianxiong Shen3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.

Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine
|January 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in osteosarcoma development. This review details lncRNA roles in bone cancer and their potential for diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
Long non-coding RNAsMALAT1OsteosarcomalncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor common in children and adolescents.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving osteosarcoma initiation and progression are not fully understood.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in biological processes and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the deregulation and functional roles of lncRNAs in osteosarcoma.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs in osteosarcoma.
  • Analysis of lncRNA expression patterns and functional data.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA involvement in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are frequently deregulated in osteosarcoma tissues.
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs influence key cellular processes like proliferation, invasion, and migration in osteosarcoma.
  • Specific lncRNAs show potential as biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs play significant roles in the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma.
  • Targeting lncRNAs offers promising avenues for novel osteosarcoma therapies.
  • Further research into lncRNA functions can improve osteosarcoma management.