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Related Concept Videos

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Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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μ-Crystallin controls muscle function through thyroid hormone action.

Daiki Seko1, Shizuka Ogawa2, Tao-Sheng Li2

  • 1Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|January 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

μ-Crystallin (Crym) regulates muscle plasticity and fiber type. Inactivating Crym enhances muscle strength and running ability, suggesting Crym as a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting diseases.

Keywords:
fiber typemuscle hypertrophymuscle plasticityskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • μ-Crystallin (Crym), a thyroid hormone-binding protein, is upregulated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
  • The physiological role of Crym in skeletal muscle is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of Crym in skeletal muscle.
  • To investigate the potential of Crym as a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Generated Crym-knockout mice.
  • Utilized siRNA-mediated knockdown of Crym in vitro.
  • Assessed muscle fiber type, grip strength, and running ability.
  • Investigated the role of thyroid hormone in Crym-mediated effects.

Main Results:

  • Crym is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle.
  • Crym deficiency resulted in hypertrophy of fast-twitch type IIb fibers, increased grip strength, and enhanced running performance.
  • In vitro studies showed Crym inactivation up-regulated fast-glycolytic fiber gene expression.
  • These effects were reversed by thyroid hormone inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Crym is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle plasticity, influencing fiber type and metabolic properties.
  • Selective inactivation of Crym presents a potential therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophies and sarcopenia.