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M Lozada-Hidalgo1, S Hu2, O Marshall2

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Graphene and boron nitride monolayers effectively separate hydrogen isotopes. Deuterons permeate slower than protons, enabling scalable hydrogen isotope enrichment using 2D materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • One-atom-thick crystals (2D materials) are typically impermeable to atoms and molecules.
  • However, hydrogen ions (protons) can permeate through these 2D materials.
  • Separating hydrogen isotopes is crucial for various applications, including nuclear energy and fusion research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of 2D materials for separating hydrogen ion isotopes.
  • To understand the mechanism behind hydrogen isotope permeation through monolayers.
  • To develop a scalable method for hydrogen isotope enrichment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrical measurements to monitor ion permeation.
  • Employed mass spectrometry to identify and quantify hydrogen isotopes.
  • Fabricated and tested monolayers of graphene and boron nitride.

Main Results:

  • Graphene and boron nitride monolayers demonstrated the ability to separate hydrogen ion isotopes.
  • Deuterons permeated through the 2D crystals significantly slower than protons.
  • Achieved a separation factor of approximately 10 at room temperature.
  • Attributed the isotope effect to a difference in zero-point energies (≈60 meV) between protons and deuterons.

Conclusions:

  • Monolayers of graphene and boron nitride can effectively separate hydrogen ion isotopes.
  • The observed isotope effect is governed by differences in quantum mechanical zero-point energies.
  • This approach offers a competitive and scalable method for hydrogen isotope enrichment.