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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
379
Language, learning, and memory in children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis
Kathleen A Kapp-Simon1,2, Erin Wallace3, Brent R Collett3,4
1Cleft-Craniofacial Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago; and.
Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|January 2, 2016
Summary
Children with single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) show modest, yet significant, deficits in language, learning, and memory at school age. Early intervention and ongoing psychological support are crucial for these children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) involves premature fusion of one cranial suture.
- Children with SSC often undergo surgical correction in infancy.
- Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly language and memory, require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare language and memory functions in school-aged children with and without SSC.
- To assess the impact of SSC on learning and cognitive development.
- To identify specific areas of potential risk for children with SSC.
Main Methods:
- A cohort study comparing 179 school-aged children with SSC to 183 controls.
- Utilized standardized measures for language, learning, and memory assessments.
- Incorporated parent interviews and questionnaires regarding educational interventions and development.
Main Results:
- Children with SSC demonstrated lower scores across all language, learning, and memory measures compared to controls.
- Adjusted analyses revealed modest but significant differences (SD range 0.0 to -0.4).
- Unilateral coronal craniosynostosis showed the greatest case-control differences.
Conclusions:
- Children with SSC exhibit persistent, albeit small, deficits in language, learning, and memory into early school age.
- Multidisciplinary care, including psychological assessment, is recommended through school age.
- Further research is needed to understand long-term cognitive trajectories in adolescents with SSC.
Keywords:
CCC-2 = Children's Communication Checklist-2CGH = comparative genomic hybridizationCMS = Children's Memory ScaleNEPSY-II = NEPSY-II: A Developmental Neuropsychological AssessmentPDI = Psychomotor Development IndexSES = socioeconomic statusSIDI = Social Interaction Difference IndexSSC = single-suture craniosynostosisToken Test-II = Token Test for Children, Second EditionWISC-IV = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IVWPT = Wonderlic Personnel Testcraniofacialcraniosynostosislanguagelearningmemoryneuropsychological functioning
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