Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

34.5K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
34.5K
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

1.6K
The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
1.6K
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

4.4K
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
4.4K
Parseval's Theorem01:18

Parseval's Theorem

1.4K
Parseval's theorem is a fundamental concept in signal processing and harmonic analysis. It asserts that for a periodic function, the average power of the signal over one period equals the sum of the squared magnitudes of all its complex Fourier coefficients. This theorem, named after Marc-Antoine Parseval, provides a powerful tool for analyzing the energy distribution in signals.
Interestingly, Parseval's theorem also holds for the trigonometric form of the Fourier series, which expresses a...
1.4K
Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

2.5K
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations:...
2.5K
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

4.5K
Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing WHO prioritisation criteria for children 6-59 months treated for moderate wasting in a MUAC-based protocol: a multicountry analysis in West and Central Africa.

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

Anchoring convenience survey samples to a baseline census for vaccine coverage monitoring in global health.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Unquestionable Bell Theorem for Interwoven Frustrated Downconversion Processes.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Coexistence of classical and polarization-encoded QKD signals over deployed fiber.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Localized quasiparticles in a fluxonium with quasi-two-dimensional amorphous kinetic inductors.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Indistinguishability of arbitrary photons for entanglement generation in scalable quantum networks.

Optics express·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.1K

Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Bell's Theorem with Entangled Photons.

Marissa Giustina1,2, Marijn A M Versteegh1,2, Sören Wengerowsky1,2

  • 1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria.

Physical Review Letters
|January 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study closes loopholes in Bell tests, providing strong evidence against local realism. The quantum mechanics predictions were supported with high statistical significance, challenging classical physical assumptions.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

9.1K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Foundations of Physics

Background:

  • Local realism posits that physical properties are independent of measurement and influences are limited by light speed.
  • Bell's theorem demonstrates the incompatibility between local realism and quantum mechanics via Bell's inequalities.
  • Previous experiments supported quantum mechanics but contained experimental loopholes allowing for local realist explanations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a Bell test that simultaneously closes the most significant loopholes.
  • To provide robust experimental evidence supporting quantum mechanics over local realism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a highly optimized source of entangled photons.
  • Implemented rapid random setting generation for measurement choices.
  • Employed highly efficient superconducting detectors for high-fidelity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed a statistically significant violation of a Bell inequality.
  • The probability of results occurring under local realism was exceedingly low (3.74×10⁻³¹).
  • Achieved an 11.5 standard deviation effect, strongly refuting local realism.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment effectively closes major loopholes in Bell tests.
  • Results provide compelling evidence for the predictions of quantum mechanics.
  • Challenges the classical worldview of local realism with high statistical certainty.