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An active mute for the trombone.

Thibaut Meurisse1, Adrien Mamou-Mani1, René Caussé1

  • 1IRCAM, CNRS UMR 9912 STMS, 1 Place Igor-Stravinsky, 75004 Paris, France.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|January 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An active mute was developed to fix playability issues in brass instruments caused by extra impedance peaks. Suppressing or shifting these peaks restores the instrument's ability to produce lower notes at low volumes.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Musical Instrument Technology
  • Control Systems Engineering

Background:

  • Brass instrument mutes alter sound but can introduce unwanted impedance peaks.
  • Straight mutes create an extra impedance peak, negatively impacting playability, especially for lower notes at low dynamics.
  • This extra peak causes a dip in input impedance at the playing frequency, hindering note production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and investigate an active mute system to counteract the negative effects of extra impedance peaks in brass instruments.
  • To understand how controlling the extra impedance peak affects the input impedance and radiated sound of a trombone.
  • To restore the playability of brass instruments when using mutes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an active mute incorporating a microphone and speaker.
  • Implementation of a control loop with gain and phase shifting to manage the extra impedance peak.
  • Analysis of system stability and the impact of control on input impedance and radiated sound.
  • Investigation of trombone input impedance and radiated sound with and without the active mute.

Main Results:

  • The active mute successfully controlled the damping and frequency of the extra impedance peak.
  • Suppression of the extra impedance peak restored the playability of difficult lower notes.
  • Shifting the frequency of the extra impedance peak also shifted the location of the playability problem.
  • A decrease in input impedance magnitude at the playing frequency was identified as the cause of playability issues.

Conclusions:

  • Active mutes offer a viable solution for addressing playability problems caused by extra impedance peaks in brass instruments.
  • Control of impedance peaks is crucial for optimizing the performance of brass instruments with mutes.
  • The study demonstrates a method to improve musical instrument acoustics through active control systems.