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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Synaptic activity: An emerging player in schizophrenia.

Anindita Sarkar1, Maria C Marchetto1, Fred H Gage1

  • 1The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Brain Research
|January 3, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia involves complex genetic factors, with synaptic pathway gene variations frequently implicated. Patient-derived neurons and advanced imaging offer new ways to study these synaptic deficits in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder with poorly understood genetic and molecular causes.
  • Gene variations in synaptic pathways are consistently linked to schizophrenia.
  • Synaptic activity deficits are a potential model for schizophrenia's cognitive aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of synaptic pathways in schizophrenia using patient-derived neurons.
  • To apply advanced in vitro disease modeling techniques.
  • To investigate neuronal connections and circuitry in psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing patient-derived neurons for in vitro disease modeling.
  • Employing high-throughput imaging and functional studies.
  • Probing neuronal connections to understand circuitry.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic pathway gene variations are consistently implicated in schizophrenia.
  • In vitro modeling with patient-derived neurons shows promise for empirical investigation.
  • Research into neuronal connections offers new insights into psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic pathway deficits are a key area for understanding schizophrenia's cognitive etiology.
  • Advanced imaging and patient-derived neuron models are crucial for future research.
  • Understanding neuronal circuitry is vital for future psychiatric disorder research.