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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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[Positive urine pneumococcal antigen test and vaccination].

Alejandro Salinas-Botrán1, Patricia Martín-Rico1, Antonio Valdivia2

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Denia, Denia, Alicante, España.

Medicina Clinica
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Summary

Pneumococcal vaccination can lead to false positive urine pneumococcal antigen tests. This may result in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in clinical practice.

Keywords:
False positiveFalso positivoNeumococoPneumococcusVaccinationVacunación

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical microbiology
  • Diagnostic testing
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Urine pneumococcal antigen (UPA) testing is a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia.
  • False positive results from UPA testing can complicate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Pneumococcal vaccination is a known potential cause of false positive UPA results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of false positive UPA tests.
  • To identify factors associated with false positive UPA tests, including pneumococcal vaccination.
  • To assess the impact of UPA results on antibiotic prescribing practices.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of patients with positive UPA tests at Hospital de Denia (January-February 2015).
  • Analysis of epidemiological, radiological, and microbiological data.
  • Assessment of prior pneumococcal vaccination status (PPSV23 and/or PCV13).

Main Results:

  • UPA test was positive in 12.4% of 385 cases.
  • Only 33.3% of positive UPA cases showed pneumonia on chest X-ray.
  • 35.4% of patients with positive UPA results had received pneumococcal vaccination.
  • Antibiotics were prescribed in 87.5% of cases with positive UPA results.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal vaccination is a significant cause of false positive UPA results in clinical settings.
  • False positive UPA tests can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use.
  • Clinical correlation and consideration of vaccination history are crucial when interpreting UPA results.