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JC virus seroprevalence and seroconversion in multiple sclerosis cohort: A Middle-Eastern study.

Raed Alroughani1, Saeed Akhtar2, Samar F Ahmed3

  • 1Division of Neurology, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait; Neurology clinic, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.

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This study found John Cunningham virus (JCV) seroprevalence in Middle Eastern multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was 48.7%. Factors like male gender and longer disease duration influenced JCV positivity, with a notable seroconversion risk.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyJC virusMiddle-EastMultiple sclerosisPrevalenceSeroconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a potential factor in MS pathogenesis.
  • Understanding JCV epidemiology in diverse populations is crucial for MS management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of John Cunningham virus (JCV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients within the Middle East.
  • To assess the risk of JCV seroconversion among MS patients in this region.
  • To identify clinical factors associated with JCV seropositivity and seroconversion.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter study employing cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
  • JCV seroprevalence assessed via cross-sectional analysis.
  • JCV seroconversion risk evaluated through longitudinal follow-up.
  • Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models used for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • JCV seroprevalence was 48.7% among 581 MS patients.
  • Male gender, older age at onset, and longer disease duration (≥20 years) were linked to JCV seropositivity.
  • The risk of JCV seroconversion was 17.6% over an 18-month median follow-up in 125 patients.
  • Seroreversion and pseudoconversion rates were 4% and 3.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • JCV seroprevalence in Middle Eastern MS patients is lower than global averages.
  • Specific clinical factors significantly correlate with JCV seropositivity.
  • The observed risk of JCV seroconversion is higher than previously reported.
  • JCV seroreversion/pseudoconversion necessitates careful clinical decision-making.