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In Situ Measurement of Vacuum Window Birefringence using 25Mg+ Fluorescence
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Note: Ultra-low birefringence dodecagonal vacuum glass cell.

Stefan Brakhane1, Wolfgang Alt1, Dieter Meschede1

  • 1Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We developed an ultra-low birefringence dodecagonal glass cell for ultra-high vacuum. Its SF57 glass windows achieve birefringence around 10(-8), ideal for precision quantum optics experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Vacuum Technology

Background:

  • Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) systems require specialized components that minimize optical distortions.
  • Stress-induced birefringence in optical materials can degrade the performance of sensitive instruments.
  • Dodecagonal cells offer unique geometrical advantages for certain UHV applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an ultra-low birefringence dodecagonal glass cell for UHV applications.
  • To assess the performance of SF57 glass for windows in UHV environments.
  • To evaluate the suitability of the cell for quantum optics and precision measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a dodecagonal glass cell with trapezoidal windows made of SF57 glass.
  • Epoxy bonding of the windows to the cell structure.
  • Characterization of stress-induced birefringence (Δn) under vacuum conditions.
  • Baking the cell to achieve UHV pressures (< 10(-10) mbar).
  • Application of anti-reflection coatings to the window surfaces.

Main Results:

  • The SF57 glass exhibited very low stress-induced birefringence, with measured values around 10(-8).
  • The cell successfully achieved ultra-high vacuum conditions below 10(-10) mbar after baking at 150°C.
  • Anti-reflection coatings were applied to both sides of each window.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dodecagonal glass cell demonstrates ultra-low birefringence, making it suitable for demanding UHV applications.
  • SF57 glass is a promising material for optical windows in UHV systems requiring minimal optical distortion.
  • The cell's properties are highly desirable for advanced quantum optics experiments and precision measurements.