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Geo-engineering experiments in two urban ponds to control eutrophication.

Guido Waajen1, Frank van Oosterhout2, Grant Douglas3

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Effective urban pond restoration combines biomanipulation with sediment phosphorus control. Treatments like dredging or lanthanum-modified bentonite significantly reduced algal blooms, creating clear-water conditions.

Keywords:
BiomanipulationDredgingLake restorationLanthanum-modified bentonitePhoslock(®)Polyaluminiumchloride

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Urban ponds frequently suffer from eutrophication, leading to harmful algal blooms.
  • These blooms degrade water quality and ecosystem health, impacting urban environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of in-situ treatments for mitigating eutrophication in urban ponds.
  • To determine the best strategies for transitioning ponds from turbid, phytoplankton-dominated states to clear-water conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A two-year field experiment was conducted in two eutrophic urban ponds, divided into compartments.
  • Treatments included dredging, lanthanum-modified bentonite (Phoslock®), biomanipulation (fish control, macrophyte introduction), and polyaluminiumchloride, in various combinations.
  • A control group was maintained for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Combined biomanipulation and sediment phosphorus control (dredging or Phoslock®) effectively reduced phytoplankton biomass (mean chlorophyll-a: 5.3–7.6 μg L⁻¹).
  • These combined treatments successfully established and maintained clear-water states, outperforming controls (268.9 and 52.4 μg L⁻¹).
  • Biomanipulation alone showed limited success in establishing clear-water conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Combining biomanipulation with sediment phosphorus management is a viable strategy for restoring urban pond water quality.
  • Lanthanum-modified bentonite offers an effective alternative to dredging.
  • Site-specific treatment selection, reduced external phosphorus loading, and maintaining appropriate fish communities are crucial for long-term success.