Thyroglossal duct surgery. Sistrunk procedure

Area of Science:

• Embryology
• Pediatric Surgery
• Congenital Malformations

Background:

• Midline neck cysts are the most frequent congenital malformations of the neck.
• They originate from the thyroglossal duct, typically located near the hyoid bone.
• Fistulas can form due to spontaneous or surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the embryological basis and treatment of midline neck cysts.
• To highlight the Sistrunck procedure as the reference standard for surgical management.
• To identify risk factors associated with recurrence.

Main Methods:

• Review of embryological development of the thyroid gland and thyroglossal duct.
• Analysis of surgical techniques for midline neck cyst and fistula treatment.
• Evaluation of the Sistrunck procedure's efficacy and recurrence rates.

Main Results:

• The Sistrunck procedure, involving hyoid bone resection, is the established treatment with recurrence rates below 3%.
• Correct surgical performance is crucial for minimizing recurrence.
• Key risk factors for recurrence include inflammatory phase surgery, cyst rupture, and technical errors.

Conclusions:

• Midline neck cysts are developmental anomalies of the thyroglossal duct requiring surgical intervention.
• The Sistrunck procedure remains the gold standard for treating these conditions.
• Adherence to surgical technique and avoiding recurrence risk factors are paramount for successful outcomes.