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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Inflammation01:38

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Overview
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized,...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
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Activation of Complement Following Total Hip Replacement.

S Thordardottir1, T Vikingsdottir1, H Bjarnadottir1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|January 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cemented total hip replacement (THR) activates the complement system, indicated by changes in complement proteins and inflammatory markers. This activation persists for at least three days post-surgery, suggesting a significant biological response.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Total hip replacement (THR) is a common surgical procedure for osteoarthritis.
  • The role of the complement system activation following cemented THR is not fully understood.
  • Inflammatory responses are expected after major surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate complement activation via classical and alternative pathways after cemented THR.
  • To evaluate changes in complement proteins and inflammatory markers during the early postoperative period.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples collected from 12 patients preoperatively and up to 3 days post-THR.
  • Assessed classical (CH50) and alternative (AH50) pathway function.
  • Measured serum concentrations of complement proteins (C3, C4, C3d, sC5b-9) and inflammatory markers (CRP, albumin).

Main Results:

  • A marked inflammatory response was observed, indicated by elevated CRP and albumin levels.
  • Complement pathway function (CH50, AH50) and complement protein levels (C3, C4) decreased at 6 hours post-surgery but increased thereafter.
  • Complement activation products (C3d, sC5b-9) showed a continuous increase throughout the observation period.

Conclusions:

  • Cemented total hip replacement surgery leads to significant activation of the complement system.
  • The observed complement activation persists for at least three days post-surgery.
  • Further research is required to determine the precise timing and pathogenic role of this complement activation.