Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Microsurgical Skills of Establishing Permanent Jugular Vein Cannulation in Rats for Serial Blood Sampling of Orally Administered Drug
Published on: December 14, 2021
Pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate in a rat model
J Nicholas O'Donnell1,2, Anil Gulati1, Manish S Lavhale3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
Objective:
Centhaquin citrate is a novel agent being developed for use in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock. It has decreased mortality in rat, rabbit and pig models of hypovolaemic shock compared to hypertonic saline and lactated Ringer's resuscitation. The pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate have not been described to date.
Methods:
Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were given an intravenous bolus of 0.45 mg/kg centhaquin citrate. Rats were divided into two groups; plasma concentrations were measured at five time points for each group within 24 h after administration. Competing compartmental pharmacokinetic models were assessed. The nonparametric adaptive grid function within the Pmetrics package for R was used for parameter estimation. Predicted concentrations were calculated using population median and individual Bayesian posterior parameters.
Key Findings:
A two-compartment model of centhaquin citrate best fit the data. Median (IQR) values for elimination coefficient (Ke), volume of distribution (V) and intercompartmental transfer rates (Kcp, Kpc) were 8.8 (5.2-12.8) h(-1), 6.4 (2.8-10.4) l, 11.9 (4.6-15.0) h(-1) and 3.7 (2.3-9.1) h(-1), respectively.
Conclusion:
This is the first report of the pharmacokinetic parameters of centhaquin citrate in a rat model. Centhaquin citrate was found to have a short half-life with a large volume of distribution.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview
Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...

