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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Gapped Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide Device Based on a Liquid Crystal.

Dong Hun Lee, Myung-Hyun Lee

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |January 5, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel gapped surface plasmon polariton waveguide (G-SPPW) using liquid crystals. This device enables controlled propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with tunable losses and transmission for active plasmonic applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Plasmonics
    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves confined to metal-dielectric interfaces.
    • Gapped waveguides offer potential for novel device functionalities but face challenges in controlling signal propagation across the gap.
    • Liquid crystals (LCs) provide tunable optical properties based on molecular orientation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a novel gapped surface plasmon polariton waveguide (G-SPPW) device.
    • To investigate the use of liquid crystals (LCs) for controlling SPP propagation and coupling in the G-SPPW.
    • To demonstrate the potential for active control of plasmonic devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a G-SPPW device comprising insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) waveguides separated by an LC-filled gap.
    • Numerical analysis of SPP propagation and coupling losses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.
    • Investigation of the effect of LC tilt angles on device performance, including propagation loss, coupling loss, and normalized transmission.

    Main Results:

    • The G-SPPW device achieved SPP coupling over the gap with losses below ~0.68 dB.
    • Propagation and coupling losses were tunable between ~0.5268 dB to ~2.6716 dB and ~0.1446 dB to ~0.6784 dB, respectively, by adjusting LC tilt angles.
    • Normalized transmission varied from -3.351 dB to -0.6714 dB, demonstrating effective control via LC orientation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed G-SPPW device effectively guides and couples SPPs across a gap.
    • The optical properties of the G-SPPW can be actively tuned by controlling the orientation of LC molecules.
    • This research presents a promising platform for developing new active plasmonic devices.