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Related Concept Videos

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
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Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Parenteral nutrition: never say never.

Taku Oshima, Claude Pichard

    Critical Care (London, England)
    |January 6, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parenteral nutrition (PN) offers benefits for critically ill patients when appropriately administered. Early and adequate nutrition, including PN when enteral nutrition (EN) is insufficient, improves outcomes and reduces complications.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Nutrition
    • Critical Care Medicine
    • Metabolism

    Background:

    • Critically ill patients face energy deficits due to hypercatabolism and feeding difficulties.
    • Optimizing nutrition is crucial for improving outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) stays.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the benefits and appropriate use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in critically ill patients.
    • To evaluate the role of PN when enteral nutrition (EN) is insufficient or intolerant.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of seven recent articles on PN in critically ill patients.
    • Analysis of clinical and scientific relevance of study conclusions regarding PN efficacy and safety.

    Main Results:

    • Indirect calorimetry is recommended for accurate energy expenditure assessment.

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  • Adequate protein provision is essential, though estimation methods are suboptimal.
  • PN can ensure full energy needs are met when EN is limited, improving outcomes and reducing infection rates and ventilation duration.

    • Conclusions:

    • Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a safe and beneficial option for critically ill patients when indicated and properly managed.
    • Early and adequate nutritional support, utilizing PN as needed, is vital for favorable patient outcomes.
    • Avoiding hypercaloric feeding is critical for the safe and effective use of PN.