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Anti-HIV antibody testing: procedures and precautions.
1University of Alabama School of Nursing, Birmingham 35294.
American Journal of Infection Control
|August 1, 1989
Summary
Understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immune response and available screening tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot, is crucial for accurate interpretation and managing false results. Pretest and posttest counseling are essential.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Accurate interpretation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening tests necessitates understanding the immune response to infection.
- Current diagnostic approaches involve serologic assays, with potential for new methods to improve detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the methodologies and efficacies of available HIV screening tests.
- To discuss emerging diagnostic technologies and the implications of test results.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and Western blot assay methodologies.
- Discussion of research-stage tests like ELISA with recombinant antigen and antigen/DNA testing.
Main Results:
- Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and Western blot are primary methods for detecting anti-HIV antibodies.
- Emerging tests show promise for enhanced HIV screening and diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Prudent use and interpretation of HIV tests require knowledge of immune response and assay limitations.
- Pretest and posttest counseling are vital for patients undergoing HIV testing, addressing benefits and risks.