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Alterations in Functional and Structural Connectivity in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by reduced white matter (WM) integrity.
  • The relationship between WM integrity and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity in pediatric MS is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM microstructural integrity and resting-state network (RSN) functional connectivity in pediatric-onset MS.
  • To test if RSN abnormalities reflect changes in structural integrity.

Main Methods:

  • 19 pediatric-onset MS patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) underwent 3.0T MRI, including DTI and resting-state fMRI.
  • Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was used for DTI processing.
  • Independent Component Analysis (ICA) identified RSNs, and dual regression detected group differences in functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric MS patients exhibited lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in WM compared to HC, particularly in the corpus callosum and sagittal stratum.
  • MS patients showed increased functional connectivity in the default-mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN).
  • Higher DMN connectivity in the right precuneus correlated with lower FA in the corpus callosum and sagittal stratum.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced WM microstructural integrity is associated with increased resting-state functional connectivity in pediatric MS.
  • This finding may suggest a diffuse and potentially compensatory brain activation in the early stages of pediatric MS.