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Outness, Stigma, and Primary Health Care Utilization among Rural LGBT Populations.

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Stigma negatively impacts healthcare access for rural LGBT individuals. Increasing disclosure and reducing stigma can improve primary care utilization for this underserved population.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Sociology of Health
  • Rural Health Disparities

Background:

  • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations face significant health disadvantages in the US.
  • Stigma and fears related to disclosure are known barriers to healthcare for LGBT individuals, but research has largely focused on urban samples.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the specific impact of stigma on rural LGBT populations' access to care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between stigma, disclosure, and primary care utilization among rural LGBT individuals.
  • To investigate how anticipated, internalized, and enacted stigmas affect healthcare access.
  • To understand the role of 'outness' in healthcare seeking behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey recruitment of LGBT individuals residing in rural US areas.
  • Data collection on demographics, healthcare access, health status, risk factors, and stigma experiences.
  • Analysis of the association between stigma, disclosure levels, and primary care service utilization.

Main Results:

  • Higher stigma scores correlated with lower health service utilization among transgender and non-binary individuals.
  • Increased disclosure of sexual orientation was linked to greater health service utilization in cisgender men.
  • Findings highlight differential impacts of stigma and disclosure based on gender identity and sexual orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Stigma significantly influences primary healthcare access for rural LGBT individuals.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing healthcare stigma or encouraging patient disclosure are needed.
  • These interventions may improve primary and preventive healthcare service utilization for rural LGBT populations.