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Evaluation of cardiac modulation in children in response to apnea/hypopnea using the Phone Oximeter(™)

Parastoo Dehkordi1, Ainara Garde1, Walter Karlen2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Physiological Measurement
|January 7, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) show altered cardiac autonomic regulation, with reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activity during events. Pulse rate variability analysis from PPG may offer a new screening tool.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) disrupts normal respiration and oxygenation, impacting cardiac autonomic regulation.
  • In adults, SDB is linked to increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity.
  • Autonomic cardiac regulation changes in children with SDB require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine autonomic cardiac regulation in children with and without SDB.
  • To analyze pulse rate variability (PRV) using spectral and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA).
  • To assess the potential of photoplethysmogram (PPG) analysis for SDB screening.

Main Methods:

  • Measured PRV from pulse-to-pulse intervals (PPIs) of PPG signals from 160 children.
  • Utilized the Phone Oximeter(™) during overnight polysomnography.
  • Applied spectral analysis and DFA to PRV data.

Main Results:

  • Children with SDB exhibited lower cardiac parasympathetic index (HF) and higher sympathetic indices (LF, LF/HF ratio) during apnea/hypopnea events (p < 0.01).
  • DFA revealed stronger short- and long-range heart rate fluctuations in children with SDB.
  • Significant differences in PRV were observed in over 95% of children with SDB.

Conclusions:

  • Children with SDB demonstrate significant alterations in autonomic cardiac regulation.
  • PPG analysis via the Phone Oximeter(™) shows promise as a non-clinical screening tool for PRV assessment in SDB.
  • These findings support the use of PRV analysis for early detection and management of SDB in children.

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