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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in Peru: a multicentre prospective study.

S M Montano1, N Mori2, C A Nelson2

  • 1US Naval Medical Research Unit-6,Callao,Peru.

Epidemiology and Infection
|January 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is common in North America and Europe, but less understood elsewhere. This study in Peru found HSV encephalitis cases presented more often in summer with nausea and rash.

Keywords:
Central nervous system infectionsencephalitisepidemiologyherpes simplex virusvirology

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a leading cause of encephalitis in North America and Europe.
  • The epidemiology and clinical presentation of HSV encephalitis outside these regions are not well-defined.
  • Limited data exists on HSV encephalitis in South America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of encephalitis in Peru.
  • To identify the prevalence and types of HSV causing encephalitis in the study population.
  • To compare clinical presentations between HSV-infected and non-HSV-infected encephalitis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A multicentre prospective study of 313 encephalitis patients in Peru from 2009-2012.
  • Confirmed HSV infection in 45 patients (14.4%).
  • HSV typing performed on 38 patients; clinical data collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • HSV infection was confirmed in 14.4% of encephalitis patients in Peru.
  • HSV-1 was the predominant type (84%) among patients with known HSV type.
  • HSV-infected patients were more likely to present during summer months and exhibit nausea and rash.

Conclusions:

  • HSV encephalitis epidemiology and presentation differ outside the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Further investigation into these differences is warranted.
  • There is an urgent need for improved HSV diagnostics and intravenous acyclovir availability in Peru.