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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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Epigenetics and Triplet-Repeat Neurological Diseases.

Sathiji Nageshwaran1, Richard Festenstein1

  • 1Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus , London , UK.

Frontiers in Neurology
|January 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive DNA, once termed "junk DNA," plays crucial roles in gene regulation and disease. Abnormal DNA triplet-repeat expansions cause various genetic disorders, highlighting the importance of epigenetics in potential treatments.

Keywords:
FRDAFriedreich’s ataxiaHDACepigeneticsheterochromatinneurogeneticsneurologytriplet repeat

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Repetitive DNA regions, including centromeres and telomeres, are functionally significant across genomes.
  • These regions, often heterochromatic, can silence or facilitate gene transcription.
  • Abnormal DNA triplet-repeat expansions are linked to diseases like Kennedy's disease and fragile X syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To focus on diseases caused by DNA triplet-repeat expansions and their diverse epigenetic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of repetitive DNA and epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Focus on specific genetic disorders resulting from triplet-repeat expansions.

Main Results:

  • Repetitive DNA regions have critical regulatory roles, challenging the

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics offers promising therapeutic strategies for incurable diseases linked to DNA triplet-repeat expansions.