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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Identify Critical Genes in Development with Consistent H3K4me2 Patterns across Multiple Tissues.

Nan Meng, Raghu Machiraju, Kun Huang

    IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Histone modification patterns, specifically H3K4me2 dimethylation, reveal critical developmental genes. This epigenetic mark

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    Area of Science:

    • Epigenetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Histone modification is crucial for cell differentiation and development.
    • Histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) patterns near transcription start sites (TSS) may mark tissue-specific genes.
    • The widespread existence and implications of H3K4me2 patterns require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate H3K4me2 distribution patterns across diverse human cell lines and tissue types.
    • To define a quantitative metric ('tail length') for describing H3K4me2 patterns around TSS.
    • To identify genes with conserved H3K4me2 patterns across different tissues and embryonic stem cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of H3K4me2 distribution patterns in six cell lines from five major tissue types and embryonic stem cells.
    • Development of a 'tail length' metric to quantify H3K4me2 distribution around TSS.
    • Bioinformatic analysis of protein-protein interaction networks for identified genes.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmed previous observations of H3K4me2 patterns marking tissue-specific genes.
    • Identified 217 genes with ubiquitous long-tail H3K4me2 patterns across all tested tissues and ESC.
    • These ubiquitous genes are critical for development and highly interactive, suggesting key regulatory roles.

    Conclusions:

    • H3K4me2 distribution patterns provide insights into gene function and epigenetic regulation.
    • Pattern recognition methods can reveal significant information about gene function and epigenetic events.
    • Ubiquitous H3K4me2 patterns highlight genes with fundamental roles in development and cellular processes.