Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

1.5K
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
1.5K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

4.4K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
4.4K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

132
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
132
Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

10.9K
Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
10.9K
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

185
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
185

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2021
Same author

A five-gene molecular phylogeny reveals Parapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to be polyphyletic as currently composed.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2020
Same author

Genome-wide association study identifies a novel locus for cannabis dependence.

Molecular psychiatry·2017
Same author

Genome-wide polygenic scores for age at onset of alcohol dependence and association with alcohol-related measures.

Translational psychiatry·2016
Same author

Taxonomic review of the genus Hypomicrogaster Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with descriptions of 40 new species.

Zootaxa·2015
Same author

Is the adiposity-associated FTO gene variant related to all-cause mortality independent of adiposity? Meta-analysis of data from 169,551 Caucasian adults.

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·2015
Same journal

Abuse Potential and Neurotoxic Effects of the Synthetic Cannabinoid 4F-ABUTINACA Self-Administration in Adult Male Rats.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Cognitive Evolution in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: Role of Inflammation, Time of Abstinence and Apolipoprotein Profile.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

The Interplay Between Sleep Disturbance, Glymphatic Dysfunction and Altered Brain Networks in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders".

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Abnormal Brain Structural Covariance Networks of Cortical Thickness in Cocaine Use Disorder.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

The Orexin System Modulates Stress-Induced Alcohol Preference and Reinstatement in Adolescents: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence.

Addiction biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.7K

Acute reactions to alcohol.

J B Whitfield1

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Pr ince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown NSW, Australia.

Addiction Biology
|January 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adverse reactions to alcohol, like the Asian flush reaction (AFR) from aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) deficiency, reduce alcohol consumption and dependence risk. These reactions, though less common in Europeans, also impact drinking habits.

More Related Videos

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

22.3K
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.7K
Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

22.3K
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Alcohol Metabolism
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Adverse reactions to alcohol, such as the alcohol flush reaction (AFR), are linked to reduced alcohol consumption and lower rates of alcohol dependence.
  • Inherited aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) deficiency is a primary cause of AFR in Asian populations, leading to significant physiological responses even after small alcohol intake.
  • While less prevalent and severe than in Asians, alcohol-related adverse reactions occur in non-Asian populations, including Europeans, and can influence drinking behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review information on alcohol reactions and their consequences in European populations.
  • To compare alcohol reactions in Europeans with those associated with mitochondrial ALDH deficiency in Asians.
  • To understand the impact of genetic variations in alcohol metabolism on consumption patterns and dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on alcohol reactions in European subjects.
  • Comparative analysis of alcohol flush reaction (AFR) prevalence and severity between Asian and European populations.
  • Examination of the genetic basis (ALDH deficiency) for alcohol reactions and their phenotypic consequences.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) is less common and generally less severe in Europeans compared to Asians with inherited aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) deficiency.
  • Despite lower incidence, alcohol reactions in Europeans can still significantly affect alcohol consumption levels.
  • The genetic underpinnings of alcohol metabolism play a crucial role in determining individual responses to alcohol.

Conclusions:

  • Inherited aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) deficiency and associated alcohol flush reactions (AFR) are significant protective factors against high alcohol consumption and dependence, particularly noted in Asian populations.
  • Alcohol reactions, even milder forms experienced by Europeans, warrant consideration for their impact on alcohol consumption patterns.
  • Further research into the genetic and physiological variations in alcohol metabolism across different ethnicities is essential for a comprehensive understanding of alcohol-related behaviors.