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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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A gap junction-based cardiac electromechanics model.

Azam Ahmad Bakir, Socrates Dokos

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cardiac tissue electrical conductivity models should use material frame conductivity, mimicking gap junctions. This ensures action potential propagation is independent of mechanical deformation, crucial for accurate electromechanical simulations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Computational Biology
    • Cardiac Electrophysiology

    Background:

    • Cardiac tissue electrical properties are dominated by resistive gap junctions.
    • Action potential propagation is influenced by tissue deformation.
    • Current electromechanical models often use spatial frame conductivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Propose using material frame conductivity in cardiac electromechanical simulations.
    • Reproduce the dominant effect of intercellular gap junctions on electrical resistance.
    • Investigate the impact of conductivity frame choice on action potential propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed cardiac electromechanical simulations.
    • Implemented material frame conductivity based on gap junctions.
    • Compared simulation results with spatial frame conductivity.

    Main Results:

    • Material frame conductivity yielded activation times independent of mechanical deformation.
    • Spatial frame conductivity showed deformation-dependent activation times.
    • Gap junction-based conductivity is independent of contraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Material frame conductivity accurately reflects gap junction influence.
    • Choosing the correct electrical conductivity frame is critical for cardiac electromechanics.
    • Findings impact complex simulations like spiral wave dynamics.